The LAA-SOFC was cycled by a furnace control method and a "hot plug" method to simulate the normal start-stop and the anode/cell replacement processes, respectively.
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Antimonial dust is a by-product of lead smelting and an important material for extracting antimony. A new pyrometallurgical process for producing antimony white from the antimonial dust is reported. The process mainly consists of three steps, which are reduction smelting, alkaline refining, and blowing oxidation. First, the reduction smelting …
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Copper anode slime is the main raw material for the extraction of rare and precious metals. However, the recovery of rare and precious metals still faces great challenges due to the variety of impurities and the complex occurrence phase. In view of this, this research focuses on the occurrence mineral phases of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth in copper …
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Antimony (Sb) is a semi-metallic element widely found in the environment that is introduced into water bodies as a result of natural processes and anthropogenic activities [].In recent years, higher rates of Sb contamination have been reported in natural water reservoirs near mining and smelting areas [2,3].For instance, the underground …
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The tubular cell for the present research was prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying because ... The alumina crucible was fitted with 500 g antimony powder and then heated to 750 °C for 10 h in a tube furnace to melt the antimony. The gas channel tube of the cell was fixed by a lifting support, which allowed the cell to be moved …
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Natural. Processes 2022, 10, 1590. https://doi/10.3390/pr10081590. https:// antimony consists of a mixture of two stable …
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The low-grade antimony refractory gold ores in this experiment were produced from Shandong province of China. After grinding to fine size ensuring 98% of the ore particles are less than 74 µm, the chemical composition, phases and microscopic morphology of the ores were characterized by chemical analysis, Inductively Coupled …
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Abstract. Electrodeposited antimony can be treated with sulfuration–volatilization technology, which causes antimony to volatilize in the form of antimony sulfide. During this process, gold is enriched in the …
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This article investigates the behavior of tin and antimony, both commonly present as trace elements in electrical and electronic waste, in secondary (i.e., sulfur-free) copper smelting conditions. The experiments were conducted in oxygen partial pressure range of 10 −10 –10 −5 atm, covering the different process steps in copper smelting.
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PCHP can be integrated into existing desulfurization reactors by combining plasma oxidation and chemical reduction. PCHP is applied to glass melting furnace emissions with limited denitration technology, achieving higher removal efficiencies of NO, NO x, and SO 2 (43%, 38%, and 28%, respectively) by optimizing reductant spray and …
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A speciation system for antimony (III) and antimony (V) ions that based on solid phase extraction on tetraethylenepentamine bonded silica gel has been established. Antimony was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS). Analytical conditions including pH, sample volume, etc., were studied for the quantitative …
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Antimony (Sb) is a toxic metalloid with a wide range of industrial applications and annual world production of 18 × 10 4 tons (Jackson 2020).Consequently, considerable amounts of Sb are emitted to the environment every year and it is often present at elevated concentrations in each environmental compartment (Deng et al. 2020).There is a …
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antimony are shown in Fig. 2. A technique based on the use of a Cu-Zn concentrate for the improved removal of arsenic and antimony during the treatment of recycled lead-containing materi-als in a blast furnace was investigated. A thermo-dynamic calculation to provide a theoretical basis for the new process has been presented, and
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The plasma arc furnace used in the second stage of the process of the present invention and optionally in the first stage is preferably a furnace in which a precessing plasma column is generated. The generation of a precessing plasma column is known in the art and is described, for example, in British Patent Specification Nos. 1390351, 1390353 ...
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capability of the microwave plasma to provide free‐ standing, single‐to‐few layers graphene is crucial in this study.[8] This is one of the very few studies discussing the mechanical properties of materials that are either realized via a plasma process or reinforced using plasma‐produced additives. As a comparison, the vast
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In a cyclone furnace, antimony is mainly volatilized as antimony sulfide (~75% of the total antimony in the concentrate), the remainder may get oxidized and volatilized as antimony oxide. The charge is fed in a spiral manner into a combustion …
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The present topic "Metal Smelting and Furnace Tapping" provides JOM readers with an interesting update on these high-temperature pyrometallurgical processes. Metal smelting is a fundamental process in pyrometallurgical metal production. The process parameters and furnace operating conditions need to be adjusted and …
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Mikron FurnaceSpection infrared imaging system offers real-time monitoring inside high temperature furnaces in refining, metals, and glass production. Advanced technology imaging offering clear visuals in harsh environments. Online analytics provide operators with instant critical data plus archiving for post process review.
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In the total recycle substance flow, the polyporous slag produced in the reduction smelting process accounts for the largest part, 41.06%; the antimony matte …
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Randomly mixed Bismuth and Antimony pieces with purity of 99.999% were sealed into a vacuum quartz tube and heated up to 800 °C in a furnace for 2 hours.
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Orogenic antimony-gold deposits contribute significantly to the global antimony resource base. China's orogenic antimony-gold deposits are primarily in southern Tibet. Investigations indicate that antimony combines and migrates with sulfur hydroxides in ore-forming fluids. Previous research on fluid inclusions in orogenic …
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The efficient removal of impurities, As and Sb, from recycled lead-containing materials is a key issue in the selection of the appropriate smelting technology for projects involving metal reuse. Volatilization of impurities such as As and Sb should occur as early as possible in the process, and preferably within the smelting furnace, so that they do …
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A kind of plasma method is produced the device of polyester with the catalyst grade antimonous oxide, is dual-reaction chamber reflecting plasma stibium xide stove.Metallic antimony enters second reaction chamber and plasma flow effect in the first reaction chamber voloxidation, and the gasiform antimonous oxide through water jacket and air …
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Copper (Cu) has been recovered from speiss generated from top submerged lance furnace process, but it was reported that the leaching efficiency of Cu in sulfuric acid solution decreased with increasing antimony (Sb) content in the speiss. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results indicate that Sb …
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furnace. The gases from the reactions in the high-temperature zones beneath the electrodes, mostly carbon monoxide, escape through the permeable burden of solids. An example of a large-scale, three-phase AC submerged arc furnace with a power rating of 48 –81 MVA presented by Neuschütz (1999) is given in Fig. 3.
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A new pyrometallurgical process for producing antimony white from antimonial dust was proposed, and it has many advantages such as shorter process, …
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Heng Xiong, Bin Yang & Baoqiang Xu. 202 Accesses. Explore all metrics. Abstract. Noble antimony is the carrier of precious metals in the antimony smelting …
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This study takes a pyrometallurgical process for producing antimony ingots from antimony and gold concentrates as the system boundary. The process …
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ASTM International - ASTM D6357-21 Standard Test Methods for Determination of Trace Elements in Coal, Coke, and Combustion Residues from Coal Utilization Processes by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
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Based on the study, the recommended parameters for the alkaline sulfide leaching process of the initial concentrate from the Olimpiadinskoe deposit—to achieve …
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