Clay mineral assemblage in a river basin is generally related to the weathering process, which is principally influenced by climatic condition (rainfall and temperature), rock composition, and tectonic activity (Chamley, 1989; Liu et al., 2007). Clay minerals are weathering products of parent rocks on the Earth's surface.
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Vertical variations in mineral proportions are non-systematic, although small decreases in the clay fraction and increases in feldspar content are discernible through the LPME interval.
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Studies of laboratory-treated Na +-smectite and Pierre Shale and natural thermo-mature gas shale indicate that, large quantities of silica are released during clay mineral transformation to form quartz cement (within a closed shale system).Two types of quartz cement are recorded in lab treated samples; granular silica, formed with all lab …
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The major groups of clay minerals present in the soil environment include layer and chain silicates, sesquioxides, and other inorganic minerals as shown in Figure 4 [19]. 3.1 Layer silicates A silicate comprising of planar octahedral layer bound to tetrahedral layer above and below with a distinctive repeating distance between t-o-t layers ...
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Clay minerals are either direct or indirect alteration products of these unstable primary phases, forming through incomplete (or incongruent) weathering . The relative …
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Clay mineral groups are identified from glycolated curves of the three kinds of XRD spectra (N, E, and H): smectite ... Chunyan MA et al. Clay minerals in the major Chinese coastal estuaries 451
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As summarized in Table 1, the soils discussed represent specific mineral, chemical and physical properties together with their inherent pedogenic processes that lead to unique combinations for the (co-)occurrence of OM accumulation mechanisms.The soils considered together with their major pedogenic features (Table 1) are soils of different …
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Ions and molecules adsorbed on the clay mineral surface exert a major influence on the thickness of the adsorbed water layers and on the nature of this water. The nonliquid water may extend out from the clay mineral …
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The soil parent material exerts a control over the frequency distribution of minerals in soils by introduction of the clay minerals into the soil directly, by controlling the course of chemical weathering in the soil through the relative susceptibility of its minerals to weathering, by furnishing abundant divalent metallic cations, by ...
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Clay minerals were absent prior to planetesimal formation ~4.6 billion years ago but today are abundant in all near-surface Earth environments. New clay mineral species and modes of clay mineral paragenesis occurred as a consequence of major events in Earth's evolution—notably the formation of a mafic crust and oceans, the …
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Clay mineral, any of a group of important hydrous aluminum silicates with a layer (sheetlike) structure and very small particle size. They may contain significant amounts of iron, alkali …
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The particle size of clays is very fine and is generally considered by most clay scientists to be about 2 μm or less. These minerals are hydrated silicates composed primarily of silica, alumina, and water. Several of these minerals also contain appreciable amounts of magnesium, iron, alkalis, and alkaline earths.
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Clay minerals are either direct or indirect alteration products of these unstable primary phases, forming through incomplete (or incongruent) weathering. The relative insolubility of aluminum compounds such as Al oxide (Appelo and Postma 2005) is a major reason that clay minerals are so ubiquitous throughout the crust.
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Clay minerals are the major constituent of fine-grained sediments and rocks (mudrocks, shales, claystones, clayey siltstones, clayey oozes, and argillites). They are an important constituent of ...
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Clay minerals are the major constituent of fine-grained sediments and rocks (mudrocks, shales, claystones, clayey siltstones, clayey oozes, and argillites). They are an important constituent of soils, lake, estuarine, delta, and the ocean sediments that cover most of the Earth's surface. They are also present in almost all sedimentary rocks ...
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Clay minerals, major elements, and Sr-Nd isotopes are important compositions of terrigenous sediments in this region and contain valuable information on particular characterizations of their ...
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surficial samples were taken from major coastal estuaries, i.e., from north to south, the Yellow, abandoned Yellow, Yangtze, Qiantang, Ou, Min, Han, and Pearl River estuaries. On the basis of clay mineral analysis and published data collection, this paper discusses the characteristics of clay minerals of each coastal river and
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Clay minerals are either direct or indirect alteration products of these unstable primary phases, forming through incomplete (or incongruent) weathering . The relative insolubility of aluminum compounds such as Al oxide (Appelo and Postma, 2005) is a major reason that clay minerals are so ubiquitous throughout the crust.
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The dominant kaolinite (51%) and smectite (35%) comprise the major clay mineral components in this province, suggest- ing that the majority of kaolinite is from the Malay Peninsula with the ...
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Clay minerals are the major constituent of fine-grained sediments and rocks (mudrocks, shales, claystones, clayey siltstones, clayey oozes, and argillites). They are an important …
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Ions and molecules adsorbed on the clay mineral surface exert a major influence on the thickness of the adsorbed water layers and on the nature of this water. The nonliquid water may extend out from the clay mineral surfaces as much as 60–100 Å. Hydroxyl ions are driven off by heating clay minerals to temperatures of 400°–700° C.
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On one hand, the clay minerals of all the three cores from the mud deposits of North Yellow Sea, Central South Yellow Sea, and Zhemin Coast include illite, kaolinite, chlorite, and smectite in a ...
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Investigations of clay mineral assemblage and major element composition were conducted on Core MD12-3432 (19°16.88′N, 116°14.52′E, 2125 m water depth), which was retrieved from the northern ...
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DOI: 10.1016/J.CLAY.2011.11.007 Corpus ID: 129678980; Clay mineral transformation as a major source for authigenic quartz in thermo-mature gas shale @article{Metwally2012ClayMT, title={Clay mineral transformation as a major source for authigenic quartz in thermo-mature gas shale}, author={Yasser Metwally and Evgeni M. …
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Although kaolinite, illite, chlorite, and smectite are the principal clay mineral components of deep-sea sediments, their compositions vary from place to place. In general, illite is the dominant clay mineral in the North Atlantic Ocean (greater than 50 percent), while smectite is the major component in the South Pacific and Indian oceans.
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Clay minerals have a wide range of particle sizes from 10's of angstroms to millimeters. (An angstrom is a unit of measure at the scale of atoms.) Thus, clays may be composed of mixtures of finer grained clay minerals and clay-sized crystals of other minerals such as quartz, carbonate, and metal oxides. Clays and clay minerals are found mainly ...
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The review is to bridge the gap between economic geology, clay mineralogy and applied sedimentology. 2. Geological setting. Three major geodynamic realms, the Variscan Orogens, epicontinental and intracontinental basins, and the Central European Alpine, Northern Carpathian and Dinaride Orogens are the host settings for the clay …
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The frequency distribution or relative abundance of minerals in soils varies with the five principal classes of factors that govern soil formation. The characteristics of the minerals of the parent material, the time factor, climatic factors, relief factors and biotic factors each can be shown to have important independent effects on clay mineralogy of soils under …
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Clay minerals accumulate trace elements that may eventually get concentrated into mineral deposits, Clay minerals can reduce rock strength and so …
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Time-consolidation behavior. The log of time versus vertical deformation curves for the entire range of effective vertical stresses for a sample composed of 36% montmorillonite, 34% kaolinite, 16% illite, and 14% non-clay minerals are shown in Fig. 3. The swelling curves for the same sample are also presented in Fig. 3.
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