Features of Outotec flash smelting technology: (1) High copper matte grade (matte converting by P-S converter: 60–65%; flash converting: 68–74%). (2) High feed volume. The copper production capacity of 1 flash furnace of the Saganoseki Smelter in Japan reached 450 KTA in 2000. The daily feed volume of Kennecott Utah Copper LLC's …
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The advantages of flash smelting over roasting/electric furnace melting are that flash smelting: (1) requires much less energy than electric smelting and (2) avoids the electric furnace's emission of weak SO 2 gas [ 31 ]. It is also a high production rate process, perfectly matched to the 50–100-μm particles in froth flotation concentrates.
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The answer for this setup is a separate blower that runs at a constant speed to keep the motor cool. Building a rotary converter is actually quite simple. As far as the capacitance needed, it's approx. 100mf of electrolitic per hp of the idler motor for starting, and approx. 15mf of oil-filled for the run circuit.
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The production of ferronickel by the rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) process is a rapidly developing nickel laterite ore treatment process. Because the RKEF process technology is mature and reliable, and the project investment risk is low, it is widely used in nickel smelting plants around the world. The main processes of this process ...
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The wiring diagram for a rotary 3-phase converter typically consists of three main components: the input power supply, the rotary converter, and the output power supply. The input power supply is usually single-phase and provides the initial power to start the rotary converter. This can be from a utility grid or an alternative power source such ...
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This paper focuses on the rotary kiln furnace, an intermediate stage in which partially dried minerals convert into calcine, ready for smelting in an electric arc furnace. ... Nowadays, the design, control and development of rotary dryers are based on the study of the complete equipment. Rotary dryers are treated as a black box where only inlet ...
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The latter is known as an autogenous (self-smelting) process since no extraneous fuel is used to smelt the remainder of the charge to matte and slag. In both of these flash smelting processes, the matte is treated in converters. Two recent processes, Noranda and Worcra, utilize flash smelting and conversion to blister copper in a single unit.
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Other articles where Noranda process is discussed: metallurgy: Matte smelting: These are the Noranda, TBRC (top-blown rotary converter), and Mitsubishi processes. The Noranda reactor is a horizontal cylindrical furnace with a depression in the centre where the metal collects and a raised hearth at one end where the slag is run off. Pelletized unroasted …
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The treatment of laterites has been a research hotspot in extractive metallurgy over the past decades. Industrially, the pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites is mostly accomplished with a well-established method, namely, the rotary kiln–electric arc furnace (RKEF) process, which includes three main operations—calcination, prereduction, and …
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The high-grade matte (Cu/Fe sulfides) is then transferred into a converter to produce blister copper; the most common converter design is the so-called Peirce–Smith converter, although several alternatives have been developed.[2,3,4,5] Within the smelting and converting processes, the ferrous sulfide within the matte is oxidized to FeO, which ...
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By reading these diagrams, you can gain valuable insights into the internal wiring and components of a rotary phase converter. 1. Power input: The diagram typically indicates the power input, which can be either single-phase or three-phase. This section shows how the input power is connected to the converter. 2.
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The high-grade matte (Cu/Fe sulfides) is then transferred into a converter to produce blister copper; the most common converter design is the so-called …
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Wire up the converter except for the run capacitors (Cp, Cs, Cpf). Double check the wiring using an ohmmeter to verify that all is connected per the schematic. Start up the converter and take some voltage measurements (reference the schematic). They will probably look something like the measurements on the first line (Cp = Cs = Cpf = 0) of ...
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These leads should be extended and re-routed to the converter's input actuator and timed output contacts. #14 AWG is usually adequate size to extend the control wiring. Two control pairs are required to make the control connections. Route the control pairs between the load and the phase converter control enclosure.
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The oxygen reacts with the sulphide ore, producing copper sulphate whilst converting the copper ions to blister copper of over 98% purity. The converter furnace is tilted and the blister copper poured is into a crucible which is transported by overhead crane and tipped into an anode furnace. The molten copper is now tapped and run into 3' x 3 ...
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This paper focuses on the rotary kiln furnace, an intermediate stage in which partially dried minerals convert into calcine, ready for smelting in an electric arc furnace. This paper uses a unique industrial database that contains operation variables and minerals composition of a 180 t h −1 rotary kiln furnace.
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Kaldo-type converters as well emerged in nonferrous metallurgy for smelting or converting of matte containing copper, nickel, or lead and for the treatment of …
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Developed in the 1930s, the top blown rotary converter (TBRC) smelts and converts a variety of primary and secondary raw materials to extract Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn, and other valuable metals. Furthermore, this type of converter is ideal for smelting higher-quality electronic waste. The rotation of the vessel provides the ideal heat transfer and ...
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Smelting of low-grade copper scrap begins with melting in either a blast or a rotary furnace, resulting in slag and impure copper. If a blast furnace is used, this copper is charged to a converter, where the purity is increased to about 80 to 90 percent, and then to a reverberatory furnace, where copper of about 99 percent purity is achieved.
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Smelting of low-grade copper scrap begins with melting in either a blast or a rotary furnace, resulting in slag and impure copper. If a blast furnace is used, this copper is charged to a …
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WebThe top-blown rotary converter (TBRC) can now be con sidered a proven process since the converter itself has been in operation in the ferrous and nonferrous industry for many …
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The mass flow of the injected WEEE powder was adjusted according to the calculated energy requirement for an autothermic melting process between 1350 °C and 1450 °C and was based on the ...
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The treatment of laterites has been a research hotspot in extractive metallurgy over the past decades. Industrially, the pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites is mostly …
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Developed in the 1930s, the top blown rotary converter (TBRC) smelts and converts a variety of primary and secondary raw materials to extract Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn, and other valuable metals. Furthermore, this type of …
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This paper focuses on the rotary kiln furnace, an intermediate stage in which partially dried minerals convert into calcine, ready for smelting in an electric arc furnace.
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One domestic smelter uses Hoboken converters. The Hoboken converter, unlike the Pierce-Figure 12.3-2. Schematic of the Noranda process reactor. Smith converter, is fitted with an inverted u-shaped side flue at one end to siphon gases from the interior of the converter directly to an offgas collection system. The siphon results in a slight vacuum
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Features of Outotec flash smelting technology: (1) High copper matte grade (matte converting by P-S converter: 60–65%; flash converting: 68–74%). (2) High feed …
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The oxygen-blowing time of steelmaking furnace is usually 15–20 min and smelting cycle (the time from steel tapping to next steel tapping) usually 30–45 min. Hot metal pretreatment is performed and oxygen supply intensity increased. Smelting cycle is shortened to less than 30 min. Fig. 2. Oxygen top-blown converter diagram.
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The smelting process. Smelting is a pyrometallurgical process that extracts metals from ores by heating them to high temperatures under the influence of a reducing agent, such as carbon or coke. Smelting's primary purpose is to remove the metal content from contaminants in the ore, such as oxides and silicates. Preparation.
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Top Blown Rotary Converter (TBRC) Smelting. TBRC is an advanced smelting equipment for treating anode slime, WEEE, non-ferrous metal smelting slag and setting …
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