Sinter is a clinker-type iron bearing material that is produced when a mixture of iron ore fines known as sinter feed, finely ground fluxes, carbon (coke breeze or anthracite) and various recycled iron bearing materials are uniformly fired along a …
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sintering, the welding together of small particles of metal by applying heat below the melting point.The process may be used in steel manufacturing—to form complex shapes, to produce alloys, or to work in metals with very high melting points.In a steel-sintering plant a bed of powdered iron ore, mixed with coke or anthracite, is ignited by a …
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2. Description of the traveling grate The production rate of the grate is 272.29 t·h−1, and other basic data are listed in Table 1. The components of green balls and the chemical composition of iron ore concentrate are shown in Table 2. Table 1. Some basic data and operating conditions of the traveling grate Length / m 56.0 Width / m 4.5
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The major advantages of using sinter in BFs are. Use of iron ore fines, coke breeze, metallurgical wastes, lime, dolomite for hot metal production. Better reducibility and other high temperature properties. Increased BF productivity due to higher softening temperature and lower softening –melting temperature range.
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Three types of furnaces are used: shaft furnace, traveling grate, and grate-kiln, and temperature will depend on the kind of pellet. Pellets can be classified into three groups: ... Mochón J, González-Gasca C, Verdeja LF. Iron ore sintering: Environment, automatic, and control techniques. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review ...
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The thermal state of iron ore pellets during traveling-grate processes is complex, and sintering is a complex coupling process involving multiple physical factors. …
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Depending upon the characteristics of the ore materials and the sintering conditions, daily average production rate of 22.5–44 tons/sq m/day of grate area is expected from the sinter machines. After the end of the travelling grate, the sinter passes through a spiked roll crusher and the hot screens to the sinter cooler.
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A forecast model of the sinter tumble strength in iron ore fines sintering process. 2021, Powder Technology. Citation Excerpt : ... The purpose of this paper is to provide a review regarding the available mathematical models for travelling-grate iron ore induration furnaces, pointing at some opportunities and aspects to improve the accuracy …
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Thermal state of iron ore pellets in industrial traveling grate–rotary kiln process cannot be revealed straightforward, which is unfavorable for field operations. In this study, coupled predictive models of pellet thermal state within traveling grate and rotary kiln were established. Based on the calculated temperature profiles, predictive ...
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Traveling grate is a widely used process for iron ore pellet production; however, the thermal state of pellets in drying section is still unclear. In this study, the …
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In iron making process, sintering of iron ore fines is an integral step to utilize not only the ore fines but also to introduce a part of flux (limestone and dolomite) …
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A forecast model of the sinter tumble strength in iron ore fines sintering process. 2021, Powder Technology. Citation Excerpt : ... The purpose of this paper is to …
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In an iron ore sintering bed, combustion of solid fuel supplies heat needed for sintering of fine particles and determines the quality of the sintered ores and the productivity of the process. Coke has been widely used as an ideal fuel for this process, but recent attempts to partially replace coke with a less expensive fuel have been considered …
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The sinter pot has a grate area of 0.075 m 2 and a variable depth ranging from 0.5 to ... it takes time for water to travel through particles to reach the surface of ore particles and through particle porosity to reach the inner pores of ore particles. ... Iron ore sinter typically constitutes more than 70% of the blast furnace ferrous burden ...
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For the pelletizing of iron ore there are two main types of processes namely, the straight travelling grate (STG) process and the grate kiln (GK) process. In the STG process, a stationary bed of pellets is transported on an endless travelling grate through the drying, oxidation, sintering and cooling zones.
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The thermal state of iron ore pellets during traveling-grate processes is complex, and sintering is a complex coupling process involving multiple physical factors. In this study, the temperature distribution during updraught drying (UDD) is investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and orthogonal testing. Based on the calculated …
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laboratory pot grate sintering studies. A total of 5 pot trials were planned to vary the pellet nes from 0 to 50% in the total Iron ore blend. For all the experiments, apart from the Iron ore blend mix, all the other raw materials were kept constant. The proportions of dierent raw materials used for the sintering process are shown in Table 1.
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Modeling and simulation of iron ore pellet drying and induration process with accurate bed void fraction calculation. ABSTRACT As key parameters of modeling iron ore pellet drying and induration process, the properties of a packing bed are calculated by our proposed method. Derived from realistic spheres-dropping….
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Following these pioneers, a substantial number of models have been put forward for iron ore sintering (Cumming and ... Young et al, 1979), and travelling grate machine (Drugge, 1979, 1981, Breitholtz and Hillberg, 1980, Thurlby, 1979). Several authors have also simulated pellet induration in pot grate (Kucukada et al., 1994, Seshadri and da ...
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alignment of the traveling grate.. Outotec have been the world's leading provider for iron ore sintering and pelletizing from the beginning of this technology. Our pallet cars have proven a superior service life and ensure for reliable and safe operation and thus highest process performance and availability. 2
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Figure 1b shows iron ore pellets produced in Kiruna, Sweden, during the 2000s. Magnetite is a preferred feed in pellet-making because of the exothermal energy released during oxidation. The most common method of pelletizing is the travelling-grate process (Huerta et al., 2013). This travelling grate uses a stationary bed of pellets, which are ...
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Sintering is the most widely used agglomeration process for preparing iron ore fines for blast furnace applications. We are using our expertise in iron ore sintering and evaluation of blast furnace burdens to assist industry to maximise the value of their resources, optimise product quality and reduce their environmental footprint.
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Global iron ore production has grown dramatically in recent years to meet increasing world steel demand, especially in Asia. High grade lump ore resources are being depleted and a greater amount ...
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Ensure your plant's high performance and profitability while lowering investment and operating costs with our agglomeration technologies. Our innovative sintering and pelletizing solutions are based on over 60 years' …
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One advantage of the iron sintering process is its versatility—the process is quite successful with a wide range of ore fractions (from 0 to 10 mm). Along with clotting, other physical and chemical processes impact iron ore quality. During sintering, up to 90-98% of sulfide and up to 50-60% of sulfate sulfur burn out, and up to 10-20% of ...
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Our Traveling Grate Sintering is based on more of a century of extensive experience and continuous R&D in fine ore preparation and agglomeration. Our innovative technologies …
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The thermal state of iron ore pellets during traveling-grate processes is complex, and sintering is a complex coupling process involving multiple physical factors. ... "Iron ore sintering and ...
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The sinter pot has a grate area of 0.075 m 2 and a variable depth ranging from 0.5 to ... it takes time for water to travel through particles to reach the surface of …
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L. F. Verdeja (2017) Iron Ore Sintering: Process, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy. Review, 38:4, 215-227, DOI: 10.1080/08827508.2017.1288115 ... the sintering grate is a continuous ...
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Operation. The traveling grate sintering plant process begins with the preparation of a raw mix of iron ores, fluxes, in-plant dust and spillage fines, solid fuel, and return fines. Water is added to the raw mix to obtain optimum permeability for lower electricity consumption, maintained …
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